Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
| |||
|
| |||
| Paradoxes: are contradictions within formally correct statements or sets of statements that lead to an existence assumption, which initially seemed plausible, to be withdrawn. Paradoxes are not errors, but challenges that may lead to a re-formulation of the prerequisites and assumptions, or to a change in the language, the subject domain, and the logical system. See also Russellian paradox, contradictions, range, consistency._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
| Author | Concept | Summary/Quotes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Edward Hugh Simpson on Paradoxes - Dictionary of Arguments
Beck-Bornholdt/Dubben Der Hund, der Eier legt,Reinbek 2002 I 196 Simpson's Paradox/Beck-Bornholt/Dubben: with the help of Simpson's Paradox a result can be transformed into its opposite. E.g. Grouping: for reasons of prudence a new drug is given just a quarter of the patients in "Old Town", while in "New Town" three-quarters of them get it. And that is correctly documented. Lets suppose that the old medicine is clearly better. - In the publication, both cities are grouped together. So the result is reversed. That is often done to not expose hospitals with bad healing statistics. >Statistics, >Method. Solution: division into groups. I 200 Mistake: E.g. to put old non-smokers together with young smokers._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Link to abbreviations/authors | ||
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27